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Hybrid variational ensemble data assimilation (hybrid DA) is widely used in research and operational systems, and it is considered the current state of the art for the...

The "reliability ensemble averaging" (REA) method for calculating average, uncertainty range, and a measure of reliability of simulated climate changes at the subcontinental...

Melt ponds on sea ice play an important role in the Arctic climate system. Their presence alters the partitioning of solar radiation: decreasing reflection, increasing...

In the past two decades, more than 150 jet engine power-loss and damage events have been attributed to a phenomenon known as ice crystal icing (ICI). Ingestion of large numbers...

The Los Chocoyos (14.6 degrees N, 91.2 degrees W) supereruption happened similar to 75,000 years ago in Guatemala and was one of the largest eruptions of the past 100,000 years....

Global convection-permitting models enable weather prediction from local to planetary scales and are therefore often expected to transform the weather prediction enterprise....

Traditionally, the nowcasting of precipitation was conducted to a large extent by means of extrapolation of observations, especially of radar ref lectivity. In recent years, the...

We perform the first multi-model intercomparison of the impact of nudged meteorology on the stratospheric residual circulation using hindcast simulations from the...

On 2015 September 3, the Chromospheric Lyman-Alpha SpectroPolarimeter (CLASP) successfully measured the linear polarization produced by scattering processes in the hydrogen Ly...

To use single-column models (SCMs) as a research tool for parameterization development and process studies, the SCM must be supplied with realistic initial profiles, forcing...

In the last decade, the number of ice-sheet models has increased substantially, in line with the growth of the glaciological community. These models use solvers based on...

Chronic high surface ozone (O₃) levels and the increasing sulfur oxides (SOx = SO₂+SO₄) ambient concentrations over South Coast (SC) and other areas of California (CA) are...

Computational kernels, which are small pieces of software that selectively capture the characteristics of larger applications, have been used successfully for decades. Kernels...

Gridded precipitation and temperature products are inherently uncertain because of myriad factors, including interpolation from a sparse observation network, measurement...

The Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) has been widely used to study aridity changes in modern and past climates. Efforts to address its major problems have led to new...

Accurate estimation of fuels is essential for wildland fire simulations as well as decision-making related to land management. Numerous research efforts have leveraged remote...

Accurate measurements of cloud properties are necessary to document the full range of cloud conditions and characteristics. The Cloud, Aerosol Polarization and Backscatter Lidar...

Observations of tropical South American precipitation over the last three decades indicate an increasing rainfall trend to the north and a decreasing trend to the south. Given...

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Solar absorption spectra were recorded for the first time in 5 years with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer at the US National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak in southern...