20,852 resources found

We quantify the vertical velocity and upward mass flux in the tropical lower stratosphere on the basis of accurate radiative heating rate calculations using 8-year Southern...

Ground-based observations show that persistent liquid-containing Arctic clouds occur frequently and have a dominant influence on Arctic surface radiative fluxes. Yet, without a...

The manuscript is an attempt to present in a single document the various types of confidence intervals, their assumptions, and other issues as they pertain to forecast...

Based on observational estimates and global ocean eddy-resolving coupled retrospective initialized predictions, we show that Kuroshio Extension variability affects rainfall...

Aerosols interact with radiation and clouds. Substantial progress made over the past 40 years in observing, understanding, and modeling these processes helped quantify the...

Peroxyacyl nitrate (PAN) is a critical atmospheric reservoir for nitrogen oxide radicals, and plays a lead role in their redistribution in the troposphere. We analyze new...

We report the development of a novel Lagrangian microphysics methodology for simulations of warm ice-free clouds. The approach applies the traditional Eulerian method for the...

We describe the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory's CM4.0 physical climate model, with emphasis on those aspects that may be of particular importance to users of this model...

Sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs) are the main source of intra-seasonal and interannual variability in the extratropical stratosphere. The profound alterations to the...

The Brewer-Dobson circulation strengthens in the lowermost tropical stratosphere during warm El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. Dynamical analyses using the most recent...

We present a survey of magnetic reconnection at the dayside magnetopause using the Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry global magnetospheric simulation code. We explore simulations of the...

A simple idealized atmosphere--ocean climate model and an ensemble Kalman filter are used to explore different coupled ensemble data assimilation strategies. The model is a...

Parameterizing incident solar radiation over complex topography regions in Earth system models (ESMs) remains a challenging task. In ESMs, downward solar radiative fluxes at the...

Monthly zonal mean climatologies of atmospheric measurements from satellite instruments can have biases due to the nonuniform sampling of the atmosphere by the instruments. We...

The purpose of this report is to provide a simple and accurate method of making buoyancy calculations of lift gases. A table is included which gives pertinent model atmospheric...

Turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is derived from a first-order planetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterization for convective boundary layers: the nonlocal K-profile Yonsei...

The effects on tropical cyclone statistics of doubling CO₂, with fixed sea surface temperatures (SSTs), are compared to the effects of a 2-K increase in SST, with fixed CO₂,...

Ecosystem water-use efficiency (eWUE; the ratio of net ecosystem productivity to evapotranspiration rate) is a complex landscape-scale parameter controlled by both physical and...

This study assesses the ability of the recent chemistry version (v3.3) of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) model to simulate boundary layer structure, aerosols,...

We present results from Lyon-Fedder-Mobarry (LFM) global, three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of the solar wind-magnetosphere interaction. We use these...