Stratospheric injection of brominated very short-lived substances: Aircraft observations in the Western Pacific and representation in global models

We quantify the stratospheric injection of brominated very short-lived substances (VSLS) based on aircraft observations acquired in winter 2014 above the Tropical Western Pacific during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) and the Airborne Tropical TRopopause EXperiment (ATTREX) campaigns. The overall contribution of VSLS to stratospheric bromine was determined to be 5.02.1ppt, in agreement with the 53ppt estimate provided in the 2014 World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Ozone Assessment report (WMO 2014), but with lower uncertainty. Measurements of organic bromine compounds, including VSLS, were analyzed using CFC-11 as a reference stratospheric tracer. From this analysis, 2.90.6ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via organic source gas injection of VSLS. This value is two times the mean bromine content of VSLS measured at the tropical tropopause, for regions outside of the Tropical Western Pacific, summarized in WMO 2014. A photochemical box model, constrained to CONTRAST observations, was used to estimate inorganic bromine from measurements of BrO collected by two instruments. The analysis indicates that 2.12.1ppt of bromine enters the stratosphere via inorganic product gas injection. We also examine the representation of brominated VSLS within 14 global models that participated in the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative. The representation of stratospheric bromine in these models generally lies within the range of our empirical estimate. Models that include explicit representations of VSLS compare better with bromine observations in the lower stratosphere than models that utilize longer-lived chemicals as a surrogate for VSLS.

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Author Wales, Pamela A.
Salawitch, Ross J.
Nicely, Julie M.
Anderson, Daniel C.
Canty, Timothy P.
Baidar, Sunil
Dix, Barbara
Koenig, Theodore K.
Volkamer, Rainer
Chen, Dexian
Huey, L. Gregory
Tanner, David J.
Cuevas, Carlos A.
Fernandez, Rafael P.
Kinnison, Douglas E.
Lamarque, Jean-Francois
Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso
Atlas, Elliot L.
Hall, Samuel R.
Navarro, Maria A.
Pan, Laura L.
Schauffler, Sue M.
Stell, Meghan
Tilmes, Simone
Ullmann, Kirk
Weinheimer, Andrew J.
Akiyoshi, Hideharu
Chipperfield, Martyn P.
Deushi, Makoto
Dhomse, Sandip S.
Feng, Wuhu
Graf, Phoebe
Hossaini, Ryan
Jöckel, Patrick
Mancini, Eva
Michou, Martine
Morgenstern, Olaf
Oman, Luke D.
Pitari, Giovanni
Plummer, David A.
Revell, Laura E.
Rozanov, Eugene
Saint-Martin, David
Schofield, Robyn
Stenke, Andrea
Stone, Kane A.
Visioni, Daniele
Yamashita, Yousuke
Zeng, Guang
Publisher UCAR/NCAR - Library
Publication Date 2018-05-28T00:00:00
Digital Object Identifier (DOI) Not Assigned
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Topic Category geoscientificInformation
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Metadata Date 2023-08-18T19:14:55.945032
Metadata Record Identifier edu.ucar.opensky::articles:21748
Metadata Language eng; USA
Suggested Citation Wales, Pamela A., Salawitch, Ross J., Nicely, Julie M., Anderson, Daniel C., Canty, Timothy P., Baidar, Sunil, Dix, Barbara, Koenig, Theodore K., Volkamer, Rainer, Chen, Dexian, Huey, L. Gregory, Tanner, David J., Cuevas, Carlos A., Fernandez, Rafael P., Kinnison, Douglas E., Lamarque, Jean-Francois, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Atlas, Elliot L., Hall, Samuel R., Navarro, Maria A., Pan, Laura L., Schauffler, Sue M., Stell, Meghan, Tilmes, Simone, Ullmann, Kirk, Weinheimer, Andrew J., Akiyoshi, Hideharu, Chipperfield, Martyn P., Deushi, Makoto, Dhomse, Sandip S., Feng, Wuhu, Graf, Phoebe, Hossaini, Ryan, Jöckel, Patrick, Mancini, Eva, Michou, Martine, Morgenstern, Olaf, Oman, Luke D., Pitari, Giovanni, Plummer, David A., Revell, Laura E., Rozanov, Eugene, Saint-Martin, David, Schofield, Robyn, Stenke, Andrea, Stone, Kane A., Visioni, Daniele, Yamashita, Yousuke, Zeng, Guang. (2018). Stratospheric injection of brominated very short-lived substances: Aircraft observations in the Western Pacific and representation in global models. UCAR/NCAR - Library. http://n2t.net/ark:/85065/d7bv7kfc. Accessed 07 February 2025.

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